path: root/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 citron Emulator Project
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <fstream>
#include <filesystem>

#include <fmt/ranges.h>

#include "common/logging/log.h"
#include "common/polyfill_ranges.h"
#include "common/scope_exit.h"
#include "common/settings.h"
#include "core/core_timing.h"
#include "core/frontend/graphics_context.h"
#include "video_core/capture.h"
#include "video_core/gpu.h"
#include "video_core/present.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/present/util.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_state_tracker.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h"
#include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_debug_callback.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_library.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/hybrid_memory.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_surface.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
#ifdef __ANDROID__
#include <jni.h>
#endif
namespace Vulkan {
namespace {

constexpr VkExtent2D CaptureImageSize{
    .width = VideoCore::Capture::LinearWidth,
    .height = VideoCore::Capture::LinearHeight,
};

constexpr VkExtent3D CaptureImageExtent{
    .width = VideoCore::Capture::LinearWidth,
    .height = VideoCore::Capture::LinearHeight,
    .depth = VideoCore::Capture::LinearDepth,
};

constexpr VkFormat CaptureFormat = VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32;

std::string GetReadableVersion(u32 version) {
    return fmt::format("{}.{}.{}", VK_VERSION_MAJOR(version), VK_VERSION_MINOR(version),
                       VK_VERSION_PATCH(version));
}

std::string GetDriverVersion(const Device& device) {
    // Extracted from
    // https://github.com/SaschaWillems/vulkan.gpuinfo.org/blob/5dddea46ea1120b0df14eef8f15ff8e318e35462/functions.php#L308-L314
    const u32 version = device.GetDriverVersion();

    if (device.GetDriverID() == VK_DRIVER_ID_NVIDIA_PROPRIETARY) {
        const u32 major = (version >> 22) & 0x3ff;
        const u32 minor = (version >> 14) & 0x0ff;
        const u32 secondary = (version >> 6) & 0x0ff;
        const u32 tertiary = version & 0x003f;
        return fmt::format("{}.{}.{}.{}", major, minor, secondary, tertiary);
    }
    if (device.GetDriverID() == VK_DRIVER_ID_INTEL_PROPRIETARY_WINDOWS) {
        const u32 major = version >> 14;
        const u32 minor = version & 0x3fff;
        return fmt::format("{}.{}", major, minor);
    }
    return GetReadableVersion(version);
}

std::string BuildCommaSeparatedExtensions(
    const std::set<std::string, std::less<>>& available_extensions) {
    return fmt::format("{}", fmt::join(available_extensions, ","));
}

} // Anonymous namespace

Device CreateDevice(const vk::Instance& instance, const vk::InstanceDispatch& dld,
                    VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
    const std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices = instance.EnumeratePhysicalDevices();
    const s32 device_index = Settings::values.vulkan_device.GetValue();
    if (device_index < 0 || device_index >= static_cast<s32>(devices.size())) {
        LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Invalid device index {}!", device_index);
        throw vk::Exception(VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
    }
    const vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device(devices[device_index], dld);
    return Device(*instance, physical_device, surface, dld);
}

RendererVulkan::RendererVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
                               Tegra::MaxwellDeviceMemoryManager& device_memory_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                               std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context_) try
    : RendererBase(emu_window, std::move(context_)), device_memory(device_memory_), gpu(gpu_),
      library(OpenLibrary(context.get())),
      instance(CreateInstance(*library, dld, VK_API_VERSION_1_1, render_window.GetWindowInfo().type,
                              Settings::values.renderer_debug.GetValue())),
      debug_messenger(Settings::values.renderer_debug ? CreateDebugUtilsCallback(instance)
                                                      : vk::DebugUtilsMessenger{}),
      surface(CreateSurface(instance, render_window.GetWindowInfo())),
      device(CreateDevice(instance, dld, *surface)), memory_allocator(device), state_tracker(),
      scheduler(device, state_tracker),
      swapchain(*surface, device, scheduler, render_window.GetFramebufferLayout().width,
                render_window.GetFramebufferLayout().height),
      present_manager(instance, render_window, device, memory_allocator, scheduler, swapchain,
                      surface),
      blit_swapchain(device_memory, device, memory_allocator, present_manager, scheduler,
                     PresentFiltersForDisplay),
      blit_capture(device_memory, device, memory_allocator, present_manager, scheduler,
                   PresentFiltersForDisplay),
      blit_applet(device_memory, device, memory_allocator, present_manager, scheduler,
                  PresentFiltersForAppletCapture),
      rasterizer(render_window, gpu, device_memory, device, memory_allocator, state_tracker,
                 scheduler),
      hybrid_memory(std::make_unique<HybridMemory>(device, memory_allocator)),
      texture_manager(device, memory_allocator),
      shader_manager(device),
      applet_frame() {
    if (Settings::values.renderer_force_max_clock.GetValue() && device.ShouldBoostClocks()) {
        turbo_mode.emplace(instance, dld);
        scheduler.RegisterOnSubmit([this] { turbo_mode->QueueSubmitted(); });
    }

    // Initialize HybridMemory system
    if (Settings::values.use_gpu_memory_manager.GetValue()) {
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(_WIN32)
        try {
            // Define memory size with explicit types to avoid conversion warnings
            constexpr size_t memory_size_mb = 64;
            constexpr size_t memory_size_bytes = memory_size_mb * 1024 * 1024;

            void* guest_memory_base = nullptr;
#if defined(_WIN32)
            // On Windows, use VirtualAlloc to reserve (but not commit) memory
            const SIZE_T win_size = static_cast<SIZE_T>(memory_size_bytes);
            LPVOID result = VirtualAlloc(nullptr, win_size, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_NOACCESS);
            if (result != nullptr) {
                guest_memory_base = result;
            }
#else
            // On Linux/Android, use aligned_alloc
            guest_memory_base = std::aligned_alloc(4096, memory_size_bytes);
#endif
            if (guest_memory_base != nullptr) {
                try {
                    hybrid_memory->InitializeGuestMemory(guest_memory_base, memory_size_bytes);
                    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "HybridMemory initialized with {} MB of fault-managed memory", memory_size_mb);
                } catch (const std::exception&) {
#if defined(_WIN32)
                    if (guest_memory_base != nullptr) {
                        const LPVOID win_ptr = static_cast<LPVOID>(guest_memory_base);
                        VirtualFree(win_ptr, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
                    }
#else
                    std::free(guest_memory_base);
#endif
                    throw;
                }
            }
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to initialize HybridMemory: {}", e.what());
        }
#else
        LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Fault-managed memory not supported on this platform");
#endif
    }

    // Initialize enhanced shader compilation system
    shader_manager.SetScheduler(&scheduler);
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Enhanced shader compilation system initialized");

    // Preload common shaders if enabled
    if (Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders.GetValue()) {
        // Use a simple shader directory path - can be updated to match Citron's actual path structure
        const std::string shader_dir = "./shaders";
        std::vector<std::string> common_shaders;

        // Add paths to common shaders that should be preloaded
        // These will be compiled in parallel for faster startup
        try {
            if (std::filesystem::exists(shader_dir)) {
                for (const auto& entry : std::filesystem::directory_iterator(shader_dir)) {
                    if (entry.is_regular_file() && entry.path().extension() == ".spv") {
                        common_shaders.push_back(entry.path().string());
                    }
                }

                if (!common_shaders.empty()) {
                    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Preloading {} common shaders", common_shaders.size());
                    shader_manager.PreloadShaders(common_shaders);
                }
            } else {
                LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Shader directory not found at {}", shader_dir);
            }
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Error during shader preloading: {}", e.what());
        }
    }

    Report();
    InitializePlatformSpecific();
} catch (const vk::Exception& exception) {
    LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Vulkan initialization failed with error: {}", exception.what());
    throw std::runtime_error{fmt::format("Vulkan initialization error {}", exception.what())};
}

RendererVulkan::~RendererVulkan() {
    scheduler.RegisterOnSubmit([] {});
    void(device.GetLogical().WaitIdle());
}

#ifdef __ANDROID__
class BooleanSetting {
    public:
        static BooleanSetting FRAME_SKIPPING;
        static BooleanSetting FRAME_INTERPOLATION;
        explicit BooleanSetting(bool initial_value = false) : value(initial_value) {}

        [[nodiscard]] bool getBoolean() const {
            return value;
        }

        void setBoolean(bool new_value) {
            value = new_value;
        }

    private:
        bool value;
    };

    // Initialize static members
    BooleanSetting BooleanSetting::FRAME_SKIPPING(false);
    BooleanSetting BooleanSetting::FRAME_INTERPOLATION(false);

    extern "C" JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL
    Java_org_uzuy_uzuy_1emu_features_settings_model_BooleanSetting_isFrameSkippingEnabled(JNIEnv* env, jobject /* this */) {
        return static_cast<jboolean>(BooleanSetting::FRAME_SKIPPING.getBoolean());
    }

    extern "C" JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL
    Java_org_uzuy_uzuy_1emu_features_settings_model_BooleanSetting_isFrameInterpolationEnabled(JNIEnv* env, jobject /* this */) {
        return static_cast<jboolean>(BooleanSetting::FRAME_INTERPOLATION.getBoolean());
    }

    void RendererVulkan::InterpolateFrames(Frame* prev_frame, Frame* interpolated_frame) {
        if (!prev_frame || !interpolated_frame || !prev_frame->image || !interpolated_frame->image) {
            return;
        }

        const auto& framebuffer_layout = render_window.GetFramebufferLayout();
        // Fixed aggressive downscale (50%)
        VkExtent2D dst_extent{
            .width = framebuffer_layout.width / 2,
            .height = framebuffer_layout.height / 2
        };

        // Check if we need to recreate the destination frame
        bool needs_recreation = false;  // Only recreate when necessary
        if (!interpolated_frame->image_view) {
            needs_recreation = true;  // Need to create initially
        } else {
            // Check if dimensions have changed
            if (interpolated_frame->framebuffer) {
                needs_recreation = (framebuffer_layout.width / 2 != dst_extent.width) ||
                                  (framebuffer_layout.height / 2 != dst_extent.height);
            } else {
                needs_recreation = true;
            }
        }

        if (needs_recreation) {
            interpolated_frame->image = CreateWrappedImage(memory_allocator, dst_extent, swapchain.GetImageViewFormat());
            interpolated_frame->image_view = CreateWrappedImageView(device, interpolated_frame->image, swapchain.GetImageViewFormat());
            interpolated_frame->framebuffer = blit_swapchain.CreateFramebuffer(
                Layout::FramebufferLayout{dst_extent.width, dst_extent.height},
                *interpolated_frame->image_view,
                swapchain.GetImageViewFormat());
        }

        scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
        scheduler.Record([&](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            // Transition images to transfer layouts
            TransitionImageLayout(cmdbuf, *prev_frame->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL);
            TransitionImageLayout(cmdbuf, *interpolated_frame->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);

            // Perform the downscale blit
            VkImageBlit blit_region{};
            blit_region.srcSubresource = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, 1};
            blit_region.srcOffsets[0] = {0, 0, 0};
            blit_region.srcOffsets[1] = {
                static_cast<int32_t>(framebuffer_layout.width),
                static_cast<int32_t>(framebuffer_layout.height),
                1
            };
            blit_region.dstSubresource = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, 1};
            blit_region.dstOffsets[0] = {0, 0, 0};
            blit_region.dstOffsets[1] = {
                static_cast<int32_t>(dst_extent.width),
                static_cast<int32_t>(dst_extent.height),
                1
            };

            // Using the wrapper's BlitImage with proper parameters
            cmdbuf.BlitImage(
                *prev_frame->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                *interpolated_frame->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                blit_region, VK_FILTER_NEAREST
            );

            // Transition back to general layout
            TransitionImageLayout(cmdbuf, *prev_frame->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
            TransitionImageLayout(cmdbuf, *interpolated_frame->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
        });
    }
#endif

void RendererVulkan::Composite(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers) {
    #ifdef __ANDROID__
    static int frame_counter = 0;
    static int target_fps = 60; // Target FPS (30 or 60)
    int frame_skip_threshold = 1;

    bool frame_skipping = BooleanSetting::FRAME_SKIPPING.getBoolean();
    bool frame_interpolation = BooleanSetting::FRAME_INTERPOLATION.getBoolean();
    #endif

    if (framebuffers.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    #ifdef __ANDROID__
    if (frame_skipping) {
        frame_skip_threshold = (target_fps == 30) ? 2 : 2;
    }

    frame_counter++;
    if (frame_counter % frame_skip_threshold != 0) {
        if (frame_interpolation && previous_frame) {
            Frame* interpolated_frame = present_manager.GetRenderFrame();
            InterpolateFrames(previous_frame, interpolated_frame);
            blit_swapchain.DrawToFrame(rasterizer, interpolated_frame, framebuffers,
                                       render_window.GetFramebufferLayout(), swapchain.GetImageCount(),
                                       swapchain.GetImageViewFormat());
            scheduler.Flush(*interpolated_frame->render_ready);
            present_manager.Present(interpolated_frame);
        }
        return;
    }
    #endif

    SCOPE_EXIT {
        render_window.OnFrameDisplayed();
    };

    RenderAppletCaptureLayer(framebuffers);

    if (!render_window.IsShown()) {
        return;
    }

    RenderScreenshot(framebuffers);
    Frame* frame = present_manager.GetRenderFrame();
    blit_swapchain.DrawToFrame(rasterizer, frame, framebuffers,
                               render_window.GetFramebufferLayout(), swapchain.GetImageCount(),
                               swapchain.GetImageViewFormat());
    scheduler.Flush(*frame->render_ready);
    present_manager.Present(frame);

    gpu.RendererFrameEndNotify();
    rasterizer.TickFrame();
}

void RendererVulkan::Report() const {
    using namespace Common::Literals;
    const std::string vendor_name{device.GetVendorName()};
    const std::string model_name{device.GetModelName()};
    const std::string driver_version = GetDriverVersion(device);
    const std::string driver_name = fmt::format("{} {}", vendor_name, driver_version);

    const std::string api_version = GetReadableVersion(device.ApiVersion());

    const std::string extensions = BuildCommaSeparatedExtensions(device.GetAvailableExtensions());

    const auto available_vram = static_cast<f64>(device.GetDeviceLocalMemory()) / f64{1_GiB};

    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Driver: {}", driver_name);
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Device: {}", model_name);
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Vulkan: {}", api_version);
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Available VRAM: {:.2f} GiB", available_vram);
}

vk::Buffer RendererVulkan::RenderToBuffer(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers,
                                          const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout, VkFormat format,
                                          VkDeviceSize buffer_size) {
    auto frame = [&]() {
        Frame f{};
        f.image =
            CreateWrappedImage(memory_allocator, VkExtent2D{layout.width, layout.height}, format);
        f.image_view = CreateWrappedImageView(device, f.image, format);
        f.framebuffer = blit_capture.CreateFramebuffer(layout, *f.image_view, format);
        return f;
    }();

    auto dst_buffer = CreateWrappedBuffer(memory_allocator, buffer_size, MemoryUsage::Download);
    blit_capture.DrawToFrame(rasterizer, &frame, framebuffers, layout, 1, format);

    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
    scheduler.Record([&](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        DownloadColorImage(cmdbuf, *frame.image, *dst_buffer,
                           VkExtent3D{layout.width, layout.height, 1});
    });

    // Ensure the copy is fully completed before saving the capture
    scheduler.Finish();

    // Copy backing image data to the capture buffer
    dst_buffer.Invalidate();
    return dst_buffer;
}

void RendererVulkan::RenderScreenshot(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers) {
    if (!renderer_settings.screenshot_requested) {
        return;
    }

    // If memory snapshots are enabled, take a snapshot with the screenshot
    if (Settings::values.enable_memory_snapshots.GetValue() && hybrid_memory) {
        try {
            const auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
            const auto now_time_t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
            std::tm local_tm;
#ifdef _WIN32
            localtime_s(&local_tm, &now_time_t);
#else
            localtime_r(&now_time_t, &local_tm);
#endif
            char time_str[128];
            std::strftime(time_str, sizeof(time_str), "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S", &local_tm);

            std::string snapshot_path = fmt::format("snapshots/memory_snapshot_{}.bin", time_str);
            hybrid_memory->SaveSnapshot(snapshot_path);

            // Also save a differential snapshot if there's been a previous snapshot
            if (Settings::values.use_gpu_memory_manager.GetValue()) {
                std::string diff_path = fmt::format("snapshots/diff_snapshot_{}.bin", time_str);
                hybrid_memory->SaveDifferentialSnapshot(diff_path);
                hybrid_memory->ResetDirtyTracking();
                LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Memory snapshots saved with screenshot");
            }
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to save memory snapshot: {}", e.what());
        }
    }

    const auto& layout{renderer_settings.screenshot_framebuffer_layout};
    const auto dst_buffer = RenderToBuffer(framebuffers, layout, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,
                                           layout.width * layout.height * 4);

    std::memcpy(renderer_settings.screenshot_bits, dst_buffer.Mapped().data(),
                dst_buffer.Mapped().size());
    renderer_settings.screenshot_complete_callback(false);
    renderer_settings.screenshot_requested = false;
}

std::vector<u8> RendererVulkan::GetAppletCaptureBuffer() {
    using namespace VideoCore::Capture;

    std::vector<u8> out(VideoCore::Capture::TiledSize);

    if (!applet_frame.image) {
        return out;
    }

    const auto dst_buffer =
        CreateWrappedBuffer(memory_allocator, VideoCore::Capture::TiledSize, MemoryUsage::Download);

    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
    scheduler.Record([&](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        DownloadColorImage(cmdbuf, *applet_frame.image, *dst_buffer, CaptureImageExtent);
    });

    // Ensure the copy is fully completed before writing the capture
    scheduler.Finish();

    // Swizzle image data to the capture buffer
    dst_buffer.Invalidate();
    Tegra::Texture::SwizzleTexture(out, dst_buffer.Mapped(), BytesPerPixel, LinearWidth,
                                   LinearHeight, LinearDepth, BlockHeight, BlockDepth);

    return out;
}

void RendererVulkan::RenderAppletCaptureLayer(
    std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers) {
    if (!applet_frame.image) {
        applet_frame.image = CreateWrappedImage(memory_allocator, CaptureImageSize, CaptureFormat);
        applet_frame.image_view = CreateWrappedImageView(device, applet_frame.image, CaptureFormat);
        applet_frame.framebuffer = blit_applet.CreateFramebuffer(
            VideoCore::Capture::Layout, *applet_frame.image_view, CaptureFormat);
    }

    blit_applet.DrawToFrame(rasterizer, &applet_frame, framebuffers, VideoCore::Capture::Layout, 1,
                            CaptureFormat);
}

void RendererVulkan::FixMSAADepthStencil(VkCommandBuffer cmd_buffer, const Framebuffer& framebuffer) {
    if (framebuffer.Samples() == VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT) {
        return;
    }

    // Use the scheduler's command buffer wrapper
    scheduler.Record([&](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        // Find the depth/stencil image in the framebuffer's attachments
        for (u32 i = 0; i < framebuffer.NumImages(); ++i) {
            if (framebuffer.HasAspectDepthBit() && (framebuffer.ImageRanges()[i].aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT)) {
                VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier{
                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
                    .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                    .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
                    .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
                    .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
                    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
                    .image = framebuffer.Images()[i],
                    .subresourceRange = framebuffer.ImageRanges()[i]
                };

                cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
                                      VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
                                      0, nullptr, nullptr, barrier);
                break;
            }
        }
    });
}

void RendererVulkan::ResolveMSAA(VkCommandBuffer cmd_buffer, const Framebuffer& framebuffer) {
    if (framebuffer.Samples() == VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT) {
        return;
    }

    // Use the scheduler's command buffer wrapper
    scheduler.Record([&](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        // Find color attachments
        for (u32 i = 0; i < framebuffer.NumColorBuffers(); ++i) {
            if (framebuffer.HasAspectColorBit(i)) {
                VkImageResolve resolve_region{
                    .srcSubresource{
                        .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                        .mipLevel = 0,
                        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
                        .layerCount = 1,
                    },
                    .srcOffset = {0, 0, 0},
                    .dstSubresource{
                        .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                        .mipLevel = 0,
                        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
                        .layerCount = 1,
                    },
                    .dstOffset = {0, 0, 0},
                    .extent{
                        .width = framebuffer.RenderArea().width,
                        .height = framebuffer.RenderArea().height,
                        .depth = 1
                    }
                };

                cmdbuf.ResolveImage(
                    framebuffer.Images()[i], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
                    framebuffer.Images()[i], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                    resolve_region
                );
            }
        }
    });
}

bool RendererVulkan::HandleVulkanError(VkResult result, const std::string& operation) {
    if (result == VK_SUCCESS) {
        return true;
    }

    if (result == VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST) {
        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Vulkan device lost during {}", operation);
        RecoverFromError();
        return false;
    }

    if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY || result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY) {
        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Vulkan out of memory during {}", operation);
        // Potential recovery: clear caches, reduce workload
        texture_manager.CleanupTextureCache();
        return false;
    }

    LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Vulkan error during {}: {}", operation, result);
    return false;
}

void RendererVulkan::RecoverFromError() {
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Attempting to recover from Vulkan error");

    // Wait for device to finish operations
    void(device.GetLogical().WaitIdle());

    // Process all pending commands in our queue
    ProcessAllCommands();

    // Wait for any async shader compilations to finish
    shader_manager.WaitForCompilation();

    // Clean up resources that might be causing problems
    texture_manager.CleanupTextureCache();

    // Reset command buffers and pipelines
    scheduler.Flush();

    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Recovery attempt completed");
}

void RendererVulkan::InitializePlatformSpecific() {
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Initializing platform-specific Vulkan components");

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Initializing Vulkan for Windows");
    // Windows-specific initialization
#elif defined(__linux__)
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Initializing Vulkan for Linux");
    // Linux-specific initialization
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Initializing Vulkan for Android");
    // Android-specific initialization
#else
    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Platform-specific Vulkan initialization not implemented for this platform");
#endif

    // Create a compute buffer using the HybridMemory system if enabled
    if (Settings::values.use_gpu_memory_manager.GetValue()) {
        try {
            // Create a small compute buffer for testing
            const VkDeviceSize buffer_size = 1 * 1024 * 1024; // 1 MB
            ComputeBuffer compute_buffer = hybrid_memory->CreateComputeBuffer(
                buffer_size,
                VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT |
                VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
                MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);

            LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Successfully created compute buffer using HybridMemory");
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to create compute buffer: {}", e.what());
        }
    }
}

} // namespace Vulkan