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diff --git a/test/codes/DataMatrixTest.mc b/test/codes/DataMatrixTest.mc
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+// Author:  cirakg & claude ai
+// Summary: Tests for the Data Matrix encoder: ppf.datamatrix references (ASCII), Base256 and upper-shift decoding dumps, limits.
+
+import Toybox.Lang;
+import Toybox.Test;
+
+(:test)
+module MatrixFixtures {
+
+    function packedHex(m as Codes.Matrix) as String {
+        var bits = m.modules;
+        var out = new [(bits.size() + 7) / 8]b;
+        for (var i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) {
+            if (bits[i] == 1) {
+                out[i / 8] = out[i / 8] | (0x80 >> (i % 8));
+            }
+        }
+        return Bytes.toHex(out);
+    }
+
+    // A line tools/check_codes.py decodes with zxing-cpp.
+    function dump(logger as Test.Logger, symbology as Number, text as String, m as Codes.Matrix) as Void {
+        logger.debug("MATRIXDUMP " + symbology + " " + m.width + " " + m.height + " " + m.rowHeight + " " + m.quiet + " "
+            + Bytes.toHex(Bytes.fromUtf8(text)) + " " + packedHex(m));
+    }
+}
+
+// README 12.4 check 1: identical to ppf.datamatrix in ASCII mode, from
+// 10 x 10 to 144 x 144 (multi-region and multi-block sizes).
+(:test)
+function dataMatrixMatchesReference(logger as Test.Logger) as Boolean {
+    var rows = CodeVectors.DATAMATRIX;
+    for (var i = 0; i < rows.size(); i++) {
+        var row = rows[i] as Array;
+        var payload = row[0] as String;
+        var result = DataMatrix.encode(payload);
+        if (result instanceof Codes.CodeError) {
+            logger.error("row " + i + ": " + result.message);
+            return false;
+        }
+        var expectedSize = row[1] as Number;
+        var expected = row[2] as String;
+        var got = MatrixFixtures.packedHex(result);
+        if (result.width != expectedSize || !got.equals(expected)) {
+            logger.error("row " + i + " '" + Text.clip(payload, 20) + "': size " + result.width + ", reference " + expectedSize);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    logger.debug("CODES datamatrix reference rows=" + rows.size());
+    return true;
+}
+
+// README 12.4 check 2: Base256 (UTF-8), Upper Shift and plain payloads,
+// decoded by tools/check_codes.py.
+(:test)
+function dataMatrixDumpForDecoding(logger as Test.Logger) as Boolean {
+    var payloads = ["Zürich", "Ünïcödé 😀 fake card 0042", "é", "1234567890", "Member: fake-0042, valid 2027-12-31",
+        "ÄÖÜäöüß" + "ÄÖÜäöüß" + "ÄÖÜäöüß", "abc"];
+    var long = "";
+    for (var i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+        long += "é0123456789";
+    }
+    payloads.add(long);
+    var xs = "";
+    for (var i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+        xs += "xxxxxxxxxx";
+    }
+    payloads.add(xs); // 88 x 88: 4 x 4 regions, 4 interleaved blocks
+    var digits = "";
+    for (var i = 0; i < 110; i++) {
+        digits += "0123456789";
+    }
+    payloads.add(digits); // 88 x 88 in digit pairs, comparable with zint
+    for (var i = 0; i < payloads.size(); i++) {
+        var text = payloads[i] as String;
+        var result = DataMatrix.encode(text);
+        if (result instanceof Codes.CodeError) {
+            logger.error("'" + text + "': " + result.message);
+            return false;
+        }
+        MatrixFixtures.dump(logger, Codes.DATAMATRIX, text, result);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+(:test)
+function dataMatrixLimits(logger as Test.Logger) as Boolean {
+    var big = "";
+    for (var i = 0; i < 160; i++) {
+        big += "abcdefghij";
+    }
+    // (Separate checks: one long && chain of instanceof tests made the
+    // compiler run out of memory.)
+    if (!(DataMatrix.encode(big) instanceof Codes.CodeError)) {
+        logger.error("too long text was accepted");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!(DataMatrix.encode("") instanceof Codes.CodeError)) {
+        logger.error("empty text was accepted");
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Base256 is chosen when cheaper than Upper Shift for every byte.
+    var b256 = DataMatrix.codewords(Bytes.fromUtf8("ÄÖÜ"));
+    if (b256[0] != DataMatrix.BASE256_LATCH) {
+        logger.error("Base256 not chosen");
+        return false;
+    }
+    var ascii = DataMatrix.codewords(Bytes.fromUtf8("A1234"));
+    return ascii.size() == 3 && ascii[0] == 66 && ascii[1] == 142;
+}