2 files changed, 73 insertions, 26 deletions
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
index 4b8697734c..34905743db 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
@@ -2115,10 +2115,33 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::ReleaseMsaaScratchImage(VkImage image) {
 }
 
 void TextureCacheRuntime::TickFrame() {
+    static constexpr u32 MAX_UNUSED_SCRATCH_FRAMES = 60;
+    // Finished decode images wait for the next texture of their shape, up to this much memory.
+    static constexpr u64 MaxFreeTranscodeBytes = u64{256} << 20;
+    const auto decode_bytes = [](const PendingTranscode& t) {
+        u64 bytes{};
+        for (u32 level = 0; level < t.levels; ++level) {
+            bytes += u64{(std::max)(t.width >> level, 1U)} * (std::max)(t.height >> level, 1U) * 4;
+        }
+        return bytes * t.layers;
+    };
+    u64 free_bytes{};
+    for (const PendingTranscode& t : free_transcodes) {
+        free_bytes += decode_bytes(t);
+    }
     while (!pending_transcodes.empty() && scheduler.IsFree(pending_transcodes.front().tick)) {
+        PendingTranscode& done = pending_transcodes.front();
+        const u64 bytes = decode_bytes(done);
+        if (free_bytes + bytes <= MaxFreeTranscodeBytes) {
+            done.unused_frames = 0;
+            free_bytes += bytes;
+            free_transcodes.push_back(std::move(done));
+        }
         pending_transcodes.pop_front();
     }
-    static constexpr u32 MAX_UNUSED_SCRATCH_FRAMES = 60;
+    std::erase_if(free_transcodes, [](PendingTranscode& t) {
+        return ++t.unused_frames > MAX_UNUSED_SCRATCH_FRAMES;
+    });
     std::erase_if(msaa_scratch_images, [this](MsaaScratchImage& scratch) {
         if (!scheduler.IsFree(scratch.tick)) {
             scratch.unused_frames = 0;
@@ -4095,30 +4118,47 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::TranscodeAstcToBcn(
     const u32 levels = static_cast<u32>(info.resources.levels);
     const u32 layers = static_cast<u32>(info.resources.layers);
     constexpr VkFormat DecodeFormat = VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32;
-    PendingTranscode pending{
-        .tick = 0,
-        .image = memory_allocator.CreateImage(VkImageCreateInfo{
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
-            .pNext = nullptr,
-            .flags = 0,
-            .imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
-            .format = DecodeFormat,
-            .extent = {width, height, 1},
-            .mipLevels = levels,
-            .arrayLayers = layers,
-            .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
-            .tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
-            .usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT,
-            .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
-            .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
-            .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
-            .initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
-        }, true),
-        .views = {},
-    };
-    for (u32 level = 0; level < levels; ++level) {
-        pending.views.push_back(
-            MakeStorageView(device.GetLogical(), level, *pending.image, DecodeFormat));
+    // A decode image of the same shape the GPU is done with: title 1's title screen decodes
+    // dozens of textures a frame, mostly of a few shapes. Making one took 263 us; from VMA's
+    // shared blocks 90 us, but freeing them there left ~1 GB of those blocks unused.
+    const auto reusable = std::ranges::find_if(free_transcodes, [&](const PendingTranscode& t) {
+        return t.width == width && t.height == height && t.levels == levels && t.layers == layers;
+    });
+    PendingTranscode pending;
+    if (reusable != free_transcodes.end()) {
+        pending = std::move(*reusable);
+        free_transcodes.erase(reusable);
+    } else {
+        pending = PendingTranscode{
+            .tick = 0,
+            .image = memory_allocator.CreateImage(VkImageCreateInfo{
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+                .pNext = nullptr,
+                .flags = 0,
+                .imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+                .format = DecodeFormat,
+                .extent = {width, height, 1},
+                .mipLevels = levels,
+                .arrayLayers = layers,
+                .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+                .tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
+                .usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT,
+                .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+                .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
+                .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
+                .initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+            }, true),
+            .views = {},
+            .width = width,
+            .height = height,
+            .levels = levels,
+            .layers = layers,
+            .unused_frames = 0,
+        };
+        for (u32 level = 0; level < levels; ++level) {
+            pending.views.push_back(
+                MakeStorageView(device.GetLogical(), level, *pending.image, DecodeFormat));
+        }
     }
     astc_decoder_pass->AssembleInto(
         info, 0, image.guest_size_bytes,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h
index ee7f520053..efdb705e93 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h
@@ -182,13 +182,20 @@ public:
     void TranscodeAstcToBcn(Image& image, const StagingBufferRef& map,
                             std::span<const VideoCommon::SwizzleParameters> swizzles);
 
-    /// Temporary decode images, freed once the GPU is past `tick`.
+    /// Temporary decode images, reusable once the GPU is past `tick`.
     struct PendingTranscode {
         u64 tick;
         vk::Image image;
         std::vector<vk::ImageView> views;
+        u32 width;
+        u32 height;
+        u32 levels;
+        u32 layers;
+        u32 unused_frames;
     };
     std::deque<PendingTranscode> pending_transcodes;
+    /// Decode images the GPU is done with, for the next texture of the same shape.
+    std::vector<PendingTranscode> free_transcodes;
 
     std::optional<BlockLinearUnswizzle3DPass> bl3d_unswizzle_pass;
     const Settings::ResolutionScalingInfo& resolution;